Not exactly, but sort of. In baseball it's a field, though. The infield is a set size, four bases in a square with the corners 90 feet apart. Home plate (one of the bases) is where the batter is, and there are lines drawn on the field from home plate out to the two outer bases and extending on out to the outfield wall. That's where the exact measurements end, because the wall can be anywhere from 300 feet in the corners to as much as 400 feet or more in the center. And also, it can be any shape, it doesn't have to be symmetrical.
So, when people say Yankee Stadium is a weird shape it's because the the distance to the outfield wall is extra short in one dimension and extra long in another. In the old stadium I think it was 237' to right field and 510' to left-center. The new field has softened those extremes a bit but it still has that shape. I'm sure some Yankee fan will correct me on those dimensions though if I'm misremembering.
But anyway, no, there's no standard field or stadium size in baseball.